Odisha Sets Global Benchmark in Crocodile Conservation

Bhitarkanika’s Crocodiles Flourish After Five Decades of Protection

Odisha has emerged as a global leader in crocodile conservation, successfully preserving and increasing populations of all three crocodile species found in India—the salt-water crocodile (baula), mugger, and gharial.

The state’s commitment, which began in 1975 with government and UN support, has resulted in thriving crocodile populations and enhanced ecological balance.

Speaking on the occasion of International Crocodile Day, Odisha’s Forest, Environment and Climate Change Minister Ganesh Ram Singkhuntia emphasised the state’s extraordinary conservation journey.

“For the past 50 years, Odisha has set a global benchmark in preserving these keystone species, which are essential for maintaining healthy wetlands,” he stated.

Key Achievements of Odisha’s Conservation Efforts:

Bhitarkanika National Park’s saltwater crocodile population has surged from 96 to 1,880 over five decades.
Natural breeding has revived gharials in Satkosia Gorge, increasing their numbers to 16.
More than 200 freshwater muggers were recorded this year, signifying their recovery from habitat loss.
Community participation has been instrumental, with local fishermen incentivised to return hatchlings safely through the “Crocodile Friends” initiative.
Government interventions have mitigated human-crocodile conflict, including compensation for victims and the construction of safe bathing enclosures.

Challenges and Future Strategies

While Odisha’s success story is remarkable, shrinking habitats and loss of spawning grounds pose new challenges. Experts emphasise that continued awareness, habitat protection, and scientific research are crucial to ensuring sustainable conservation.

On June 18, Bhubaneswar will host a national workshop on crocodile conservation, where researchers, NGOs, and forest officials will collaborate on future strategies. Additionally, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT) has proposed an academic centre dedicated to wildlife research.

To mark the golden jubilee of the project, the state will host a week-long campaign, featuring mobile exhibitions, cycle rallies, educational initiatives, and public awareness drives across key crocodile-range areas.