New Delhi: Professor T Govindaraju from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, an autonomous institute under the Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India, has received the prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, 2021 for his ground-breaking concepts and discoveries, which have significant potential for diagnosis and treatment for Alzheimer’s, lung cancer among other health problems.
His innovative work on small molecules, peptides, and natural products offers both diagnostics as well as therapeutics, leading to personalised medicine.
Hailing from a remote village in Bangalore Rural District, Prof. Govindaraju first brushed with neuro-generative diseases during school days when he witnessed insensitive treatment of patients with mental illness, which played a major influence in the choice of his research area.
“During my childhood days, it was common to equate mental illness to aging, thereby neglecting patients and even denying any treatment. Sadly, I saw similar treatment meted out to patients while I was pursuing my higher education in big cities. These observations inspired me to take up research in neurosciences when I started my independent research career,” he recalls.
After completing Ph.D. from CSIR-NCL and post-doctoral fellowship in leading research institutes in USA and Germany, Prof. Govindaraju’s research focussed on bioorganic and chemical biology is addressing unresolved problems related to human health – neuro-degenerative diseases as well as cancer, directly benefitting the society.
Prof. Govindaraju’s persistent research efforts over the last 10 years paid off earlier this year. He has discovered a novel drug candidate molecule (TGR63), which effectively reduces the burden of toxic protein aggregation species called amyloid in the brain affected by Alzheimer’s disease and reverses cognitive decline in animal models. A pharmaceutical company has picked this molecule for clinical trials, which shows excellent promise to treat Alzheimer’s disease in humans.
His pioneering work on molecular tools selectively detect Alzheimer’s disease and differentiate it from other neurodegenerative diseases. Prof. Govindaraju has also set up a company – VNIR Biotechnologies Pvt Ltd (https://vnir.life/)- to develop NIR, PET, and retina-based platforms for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s. This four-year-old firm has been recognised by one of the promising biotech companies from India and has been featured in international media.
“I was keen to tread the unbeaten path in the field related to human health. The fact that neuro-diseases such as Alzheimer’s did not have effective methods of early diagnosis or cure led me to choose this field. I hope my contributions and research will pave the way for early diagnosis as well as treatment,” Prof. Govindaraju elaborated.
His interest in understanding the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and cancer resulted in the discovery of the first small molecule-based drug candidate (TGP18) for lung cancer, one of the difficult types for early detection and treatment. Fascinatingly, this molecule can also function as a diagnostic tool and is one of the few molecules globally to be classified as “theranostic” (diagnostic therapy) candidate. Prof. Govindaraju is taking forward translational efforts on this.
His research on silk-derived formulations have a far-reaching impact on human health, ranging from controlled insulin delivery, diabetic wound healing, skeletal muscles to stem cell-based neuronal tissue engineering to treat Alzheimer’s disease. These silk-based innovations can provide a fillip to the sericulture industry and farmers.
Govindaraju’s ground-breaking work on functional amyloids inspired the concept of molecular architectonics, which integrates the realms of molecules and derived nano-scale molecular architectures into functional biomaterials.
Besides visiting faculties at leading universities in the USA, Europe, Australia, and Japan, Prof. Govindaraju is passionate about improving the quality of education in rural schools and has been involved in outreach initiatives. He is also creating awareness about mental illness among school children in Karnataka and other states.
Professor Kanishka Biswas, currently working as an Associate Professor at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), an autonomous institute of the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, has received the prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in Chemical Science for Science and Technology (2021) for his discoveries in the field of solid-state inorganic chemistry and thermoelectric energy conversion. His research involves a fundamental understanding of the relationship between structure and property of inorganic solids to develop lead (Pb)-free high-performance thermoelectric materials, which can efficiently convert waste heat to energy and are being translated into cost-effective technologies.
Using fundamental and insightful chemical principles, Kanishka Biswas has achieved an unprecedented thermoelectric performance through control of atomic ordering and consequent electronic state delocalization in a crystalline inorganic solid, simultaneously enhancing its electronic transport and reducing the thermal conductivity, which was published in Science journal this year.
His innovative strategies to tune the thermoelectric properties with chemical bonding hierarchy, ferroelectric instability, and rattling atoms in a class of chemical compounds called metal chalcogenides have advanced the frontiers of inorganic solid-state chemistry introducing new paradigms. Nearly 65% of all utilized energy gets irreversibly dissipated as waste heat. It is a dream to have an inorganic solid that recovers electricity efficiently from the wasted heat, which can then be reused to power our electronic gadgets, home appliances, vehicles and small industrial equipment. Thermoelectric materials discovered by Kanishka Biswas can directly and reversibly convert waste heat into electricity, and it will play a significant role in the future energy management. Further, the thermoelectric energy conversion does not emit any hazardous gas like CO or CO2. Thereby, high-performance thermoelectric materials made in Prof. Biswas’ laboratory will be beneficial in waste heat to electrical energy conversion in power plants like thermal, steel, chemical and nuclear; automobiles, space missions to chulas in rural India.
Kanishka hails from a small town Habra, near Kolkata, and developed his love for science early. With Honours in chemistry from Jadavpur University, he proceeded to his MS and Ph.D from Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore. During his postdoctoral research from Northwestern University, Chicago, he developed his area of focus in thermoelectric. Kanishka Biswas has several national and international awards to his credit. He has published 165 research papers, including over 10 papers in each of highest quality chemistry journals like the Journal of American Chemical Society and Angewandte Chemie on solid-state inorganic chemistry and thermo-electrics energy conversion in his independent career from JNCASR. His total citations and h-index are 13650 and 50, respectively. He has received Swarna Jayanti Fellowship from DST. He is an invited fellow in the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC), UK. He serves as an Executive Editor in ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS, USA and editorial advisory board member in several important journals.
